基于Hoek建议的非线性关系求取岩体抗剪强度的算法及工程应用     

夏开宗  陈从新  周意超  王永卫  付华  欧哲 《岩土力学》2014,35(6):1743-1750

阐述了Hoek建议的非线性关系原理,以此提出了求取岩体抗剪强度的算法：考虑了岩体抗剪破坏时总体或平均水平,通过计算出不同正应力 下对应的剪应力 ,线性回归确定一定应力范围内线性化后的 、 值,解决了Hoek-Brown准则拟合算法不能求解一定正应力 条件下岩土的抗剪强度的问题。在对中缅油气管道（国内段）澜沧江跨域工程边坡岩体应用以及进一步对比研究,结果表明：采用文中算法给出的第1种确定正应力 的方法所得的 、 值与Hoek-Brown准则拟合算法所得的结果相差不大,究其原因是两种算法考虑的因素不太一样,导致围压 或正应力 大小有所差别;在实际工程正应力 较低的情况下,应采用文中算法给出的第2种确定正应力 的方法来获取的 、 值,这样所得的结果才与实际情况比较接近,克服了Hoek-Brown准则拟合算法对围压 依赖的问题。  相似文献   

粗粒土CT三轴流变试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姜景山  程展林  左永振  丁红顺 《岩土力学》2014,35(9):2507-2514

一些土石坝在建成后后期变形明显,这与粗粒土的流变密切相关。目前,粗粒土流变研究主要集中在力学性质试验和本构模型研究等方面,较少对粗粒土流变中的颗粒运动规律进行研究。通过单级配矾石CT三轴流变试验,研究了粗粒土流变过程中颗粒运动规律。试验结果表明,粗粒土的流变过程就是粗粒土颗粒位置相互调整的过程,即颗粒从不稳定结构状态向稳定结构状态调整变化的过程,直到所有颗粒的能量都达到最小状态,此时颗粒不再发生错动、转动和破碎,粗粒土达到流变稳定状态。对粗粒土三轴流变过程中颗粒运动规律的认识,有助于加深对粗粒土流变性质的了解,为工程应用提供参考。  相似文献   

从《地理学报》看中国地理学研究的特点与趋势——基于文献计量方法     

钟赛香  曲波  苏香燕  毛鹏  游细斌 《地理学报》2014,69(8):1077-1092

本文基于文献计量方法,分别从成长趋势、关键词、文献作者和研究机构等不同侧面对《地理学报》创刊以来至2013年3月中旬刊载的4420篇文献,进行较为全面的分析。同时,基于地理学三分法对自然地理、人文地理、地理技术等主要分支研究以及地理总论进行探讨,旨在揭示代表中国地理学界最高学术水平的《地理学报》其发展特点与发展趋势。研究表明：①《地理学报》在很大程度上可以反映中国地理学科最高学术水平的最新研究成果;②《地理学报》年发文量存在显著差异,其波动起伏与中国历史的大事件紧密相关;③《地理学报》虽为综合性期刊,但自然地理研究一直占绝大多数;④《地理学报》具有较为稳定的学术研究队伍,老学者居多,需要进一步培养新的学科带头人;⑤《地理学报》具有较强集聚效应,中国地理学研究主体和研究内容具有明显区域性。  相似文献   

额济纳绿洲植物群落种间关系和生态位研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

霍红  冯起  苏永红  司建华  席海洋  鱼腾飞 《中国沙漠》2013,33(4):1027-1033

根据61个天然植物群落样地的野外调查资料,采用生态位测度、方差比率法和基于2×2列联表的χ2检验、Ochiai关联指数、Pearson积矩相关系数和Spearman秩相关系数等方法,对额济纳绿洲植物群落主要物种进行了生态位和种间关联分析。结果表明：（1）胡杨（Populus euphratica）、柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）、苦豆子（Sophora alopecuroide）生态位宽度值大,分别为该区的泛化种和乔木层、灌木层及草本层的优势种;（2）额济纳绿洲植物群落物种的总体联结性为不显著的正联结,大多数种对间呈中性联结（χ2<3.841,p>0.05）,物种趋向于独立分布。（3）种间联结系数（Ochiai指数）与生态位重叠之间极显著正相关,而生态位宽度与生态位重叠之间并无直接线性关系。  相似文献   

A theoretical analysis of interactive coercing effects between urbanization and eco-environment   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

FANG Chuanglin  WANG Jing 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2013,23(2):147-162

Objectively, a complex interactive coercing relationship exists between urbanization and eco-environment, and the research of this relationship is primarily divided into three schools, i.e., interactive coercion theory, interactive promotion theory and coupling symbiosis theory. Harmonizing the relationship between urbanization and eco-environment is not only an important proposition for the national development plan but also the only way to promote healthy urbanization. Based on an analysis of urbanization process and its relationship with the eco-environment, this article analyzes interactive coercing effects between urbanization and eco-environment from three perspectives of population urbanization, economic urbanization and spatial urbanization, respectively, and analyzes risk effects of the interactive coercion. Further, it shows six basic laws followed by interactive coercion between urbanization and eco-environment, namely, coupling fission law, dynamic hierarchy law, stochastic fluctuation law, non-linear synergetic law, threshold value law and forewarning law, and divides the interactive coercing process into five stages, namely, low-level coordinate, antagonistic, break-in, ameliorative and high-grade coordinate. Based on the geometric derivation, the interactive coercing relationship between urbanization and eco-environment is judged to be non-linear and it can be explained by a double-exponential function formed by the combination of power and exponential functions. Then, the evolutionary types of the interactive coercing relationship are divided into nine ones: rudimentary coordinating, ecology-dominated, synchronal coordinating, urbanization lagging, stepwise break-in, exorbitant urbanization, fragile ecology, rudimentary break-in and unsustainable types. Finally, based on an interactive coercion model, the degree of interactive coercion can be examined, and then, an evolutionary cycle can be divided into four phases, namely rudimentary symbiosis, harmonious development, utmost increasing and spiral type rising. The study results offer a scientific decision-making of healthy urbanization for achieving the goal of eco-environment protection and promoting urbanization.  相似文献   

Geometric effects resulting from the asymmetry of dipping fault: Hanging wall/ footwall effects     

王栋  谢礼立  胡进军 《地震学报(英文版)》2008,21(3):275-282

Root-mean-square distance Drms with characteristic of weighted-average is introduced in this article firstly. Drms can be used to capture the general proximity of a site to a dipping fault plane comparing with the rupture distance Drup and the seismogenic distance Dseis. Then, using Drup, Dseis and Drms, the hanging wall/footwall effects on the peak ground acceleration (PGA) during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake are evaluated by regression analysis. The logarithm residual shows that the PGA on hanging wall is much greater than that on footwall at the same Drup or Dseis when the Drup or Dseis is used as site-to-source distance measure. In contrast, there is no significant difference between the PGA on hanging wall and that on footwall at the same Drms when Drms is used. This result confirms that the hanging wall/footwall effect is mainly a geometric effect caused by the asymmetry of dipping fault. Therefore, the hanging wall/footwall effect on the near-fault ground motions can be ignored in the future attenuation analysis if the root-mean-square distance Drms is used as the site-to-source distance measure.  相似文献   

内蒙古中西部草原区五种针茅的遗传多样性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张庆  牛建明  董建军 《中国沙漠》2008,28(2):306-311

利用RAPD（Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA, RAPD）分子标记技术,对内蒙古中西部草原区16个不同地理种群的五种针茅的遗传多样性及其种间关系进行了研究。从102个10碱基随机引物中筛选出28个有效引物,共扩增出389条带,多态性条带345条,占88.69%,说明针茅属植物具有丰富的遗传多样性,对环境的适应能力较强,PCA分析表明水热成为其地理分布的决定性因素。依据五种针茅的Jaccard相似系数所做的UPGMA聚类分析表明,大针茅和克氏针茅之间的遗传距离比较小聚为一类,它们与本氏针茅、短花针茅和小针茅间的遗传距离都比较大。  相似文献   

深圳市土地利用社会经济效益与生态环境效益的耦合关系研究   总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13  

梁红梅  刘卫东  刘会平  林育欣  刘勇 《地理科学》2008,28(5):636-641

深圳市是中国经济发展速度最快的沿海开放城市之一,其土地利用效益非常明显,并且具有耦合关系。根据系统科学理论与方法,建立了深圳市土地利用效益耦合模型和相应的指标体系, 当耦合度在0°~90°之间时,土地利用效益系统处于协调发展阶段;当耦合度等于45°时,系统最协调。根据此模型计算了1981~2004年间土地利用效益耦合度。结果表明,1981年以来,深圳市土地利用社会经济与生态环境效益都处于上升状态,前者持续快速上升;而后者总体上升,有所波动。深圳市土地利用效益的耦合度演化可分为4个阶段。1981~1985年间,土地利用效益耦合度从-36.29°快速上升到36.99°,从低级共生状态跃至相对协调状态。1986~1990年间,土地利用效益处于持续、稳定、最佳协调状态,耦合度介于43°~53°之间。1991~1996年间,土地利用效益处于耦合变化状态,耦合度从56.99°上升到79.47°,即从最佳协调状态向不甚协调发展。1997~2004年间,土地利用效益协调程度有所下降,耦合度介于81°~85°之间。  相似文献   

A comparative study of nonlinear Markov chain models for conditional simulation of multinomial classes from regular samples     

Chuanrong Zhang  Weidong Li 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2008,22(2):217-230

Simulating fields of categorical geospatial variables from samples is crucial for many purposes, such as spatial uncertainty assessment of natural resources distributions. However, effectively simulating complex categorical variables (i.e., multinomial classes) is difficult because of their nonlinearity and complex interclass relationships. The existing pure Markov chain approach for simulating multinomial classes has an apparent deficiency—underestimation of small classes, which largely impacts the usefulness of the approach. The Markov chain random field (MCRF) theory recently proposed supports theoretically sound multi-dimensional Markov chain models. This paper conducts a comparative study between a MCRF model and the previous Markov chain model for simulating multinomial classes to demonstrate that the MCRF model effectively solves the small-class underestimation problem. Simulated results show that the MCRF model fairly produces all classes, generates simulated patterns imitative of the original, and effectively reproduces input transiograms in realizations. Occurrence probability maps are estimated to visualize the spatial uncertainty associated with each class and the optimal prediction map. It is concluded that the MCRF model provides a practically efficient estimator for simulating multinomial classes from grid samples.  相似文献   

天山北坡西部树木年轮对气候因子的响应分析及气温重建   总被引：11，自引：7，他引：4  

喻树龙  袁玉江  魏文寿  尚华明  张同文  童忠  杜敏 《中国沙漠》2008,28(5):827-832

利用博尔塔拉蒙古自治州三个采点的树轮宽度年表,通过相关和响应面分析的方法,分析三个树木年轮宽度对气候因子的响应。分析表明,三个年表与博州地区的年平均最低气温和7月降水量呈较显著的正相关,且呈现相同的响应,仅在气温偏低时,三个年表响应不一致。通过分析,选择年最低气温作为重建对象,具有明显的树木生理学意义。利用树轮年表重建了博州1576—2002年的年最低气温,通过逐一剔除检验,发现重建值稳定可靠。在427 a中,存在2~3 a和40~50 a左右的周期性振荡,1631年、1832年 、1920年和1961年左右发生过突变。  相似文献